I help you learn Facebook’s React, the most popular framework for building web applications.
The React website is a good starting point. React uses JavaScript to create web applications.
TypeScript mixes “some Java into JavaScript”, such as types. Hence the name! You have to use TypeScript if you use Angular. And you can use it with React.
You can take a peek in the “TypeScript for Java/C# Programmers” article. If you like it, then the TypeScript handbook is your friend, also in Epub and PDF.